1 Wise R. Antimicrobial resistance: priorities for action. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2002;49(4):585–6.
2 Babouee B, Widmer AF, Dubuis O, et al. Emergence of four cases of KPC-2 and KPC-3-carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae introduced to Switzerland, 2009–10. Euro surveillance: bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin. 2011;16(11).
3 Ruppe E, Olearo F, Pires D, et al. Clonal or not clonal? Investigating hospital outbreaks of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae with whole-genome sequencing. Clinical microbiology and infection: the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2017;23(7):470–5.
4 Canton R, Akova M, Carmeli Y, et al. Rapid evolution and spread of carbapenemases among Enterobacteriaceae in Europe. Clinical microbiology and infection: the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):413–31.
5 Olearo F, Albrich WC, Vernaz N, Harbarth S, Kronenberg A, Swiss Centre For Antibiotic Resistance A. Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistance in Switzerland: regional differences and trends from 2004 to 2014. Swiss medical weekly. 2016;146:w14339.
6 Endimiani A, Guilarte YN, Tinguely R, et al. Characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates detected in Switzerland (1998–2012): emergence of multidrug-resistant clones less susceptible to cephalosporins. BMC infectious diseases. 2014;14:106.
7 Gullberg E, Cao S, Berg OG, et al. Selection of resistant bacteria at very low antibiotic concentrations. PLoS pathogens. 2011;7(7):e1002158.
8 Davison J. Genetic exchange between bacteria in the environment. Plasmid. 1999;42(2):73–91.
9 Khong WX, Marimuthu K, Teo J, et al. Tracking inter-institutional spread of NDM and identification of a novel NDM-positive plasmid, pSg1-NDM, using next-generation sequencing approaches. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2016;71(11):3081–9.
10 Davies J, Davies D. Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiology and molecular biology reviews: MMBR. 2010;74(3):417–33.
11 Wright GD. The antibiotic resistome: the nexus of chemical and genetic diversity. Nature reviews Microbiology. 2007;5(3):175–86.
12 Francois P, Bento M, Renzi G, Harbarth S, Pittet D, Schrenzel J. Evaluation of three molecular assays for rapid identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2007;45(6):2011–3.
13 Cherkaoui A, Diene SM, Renzoni A, et al. Imipenem heteroresistance in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is linked to a combination of altered PBP3, slow drug influx and direct efflux regulation. Clinical microbiology and infection: the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2017;23(2):118:9–19.
14 Poirel L, Jayol A, Nordmann P. Polymyxins: Antibacterial Activity, Susceptibility Testing, and Resistance Mechanisms Encoded by Plasmids or Chromosomes. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017; 30(2):557–96.
15 Poole K, Gilmour C, Farha MA, Parkins MD, Klinoski R, Brown ED. Meropenem potentiation of aminoglycoside activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: involvement of the MexXY-OprM multidrug efflux system. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 2018.
16 Skurnik D, Roux D, Cattoir V, et al. Enhanced in vivo fitness of carbapenem-resistant oprD mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed through high-throughput sequencing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2013;110(51):20747–52.
17 Jaskulski MR, Medeiros BC, Borges JV, et al. Assessment of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, KPC carbapenemase and porin resistance mechanisms in clinical samples of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2013;42(1):76–9.
18 Resman F, Thegerstrom J, Mansson F, Ahl J, Tham J, Riesbeck K. The prevalence, population structure and screening test specificity of penicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia isolates in Malmo, Sweden. The Journal of infection. 2016;73(2):129–35.
19 Marsik FJ, Nambiar S. Review of carbapenemases and AmpC-beta lactamases. The Pediatric infectious disease journal 2011;30(12):1094–5.
20 D’Andrea MM, Arena F, Pallecchi L, Rossolini GM. CTX-M-type beta-lactamases: a successful story of antibiotic resistance. International journal of medical microbiology: IJMM. 2013;303(6–7):305–17.
21 Tamma PD, Simner PJ. Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Organisms from Clinical Isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2018.
22 Brauner A, Fridman O, Gefen O, Balaban NQ. Distinguishing between resistance, tolerance and persistence to antibiotic treatment. Nature reviews Microbiology. 2016;14(5):320–30.
23 Mulcahy LR, Burns JL, Lory S, Lewis K. Emergence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains producing high levels of persister cells in patients with cystic fibrosis. Journal of bacteriology. 2010;192(23):6191–9.
24 Gefen O, Chekol B, Strahilevitz J, Balaban NQ. TDtest: easy detection of bacterial tolerance and persistence in clinical isolates by a modified disk-diffusion assay. Scientific reports. 2017;7:41284.
25 Levin-Reisman I, Ronin I, Gefen O, Braniss I, Shoresh N, Balaban NQ. Antibiotic tolerance facilitates the evolution of resistance. Science. 2017;355(6327):826–30.
26 Martinez JL. Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments. Science. 2008;321(5887):365–7.
27 Kraemer JG, Pires J, Kueffer M, et al. Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pig farms in Switzerland. The Science of the total environment. 2017;603–604:401–5.
28 Nuesch-Inderbinen M, Zurfluh K, Peterhans S, Hachler H, Stephan R. Assessment of the Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Ready-to-Eat Salads, Fresh-Cut Fruit, and Sprouts from the Swiss Market. Journal of food protection 2015;78(6):1178–81.
29 Zogg AL, Zurfluh K, Schmitt S, Nuesch-Inderbinen M, Stephan R. Antimicrobial resistance, multilocus sequence types and virulence profiles of ESBL producing and non-ESBL producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from cats and dogs in Switzerland. Veterinary microbiology. 2018;216:79–84.
30 Tschudin-Sutter S, Frei R, Stephan R, Hachler H, Nogarth D, Widmer AF. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae: a threat from the kitchen. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2014;35(5):581–4.
31 Meinel DM, Kuehl R, Zbinden R, et al. Outbreak investigation for toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae wound infections in refugees from Northeast Africa and Syria in Switzerland and Germany by whole genome sequencing. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22(12):1003:1–8.
32 Piso RJ, Kach R, Pop R, et al. A Cross-Sectional Study of Colonization Rates with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Four Swiss Refugee Centres. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0170251.
33 Bischoff S, Walter T, Gerigk M, Ebert M, Vogelmann R. Empiric antibiotic therapy in urinary tract infection in patients with risk factors for antibiotic resistance in a German emergency department. BMC infectious diseases. 2018;18(1):56.
34 Buckman SA, Turnbull IR, Mazuski JE. Empiric Antibiotics for Sepsis. Surgical infections. 2018;19(2):147–54.
35 Osthoff M, Gurtler N, Bassetti S, et al. Impact of MALDI-TOF-MS-based identification directly from positive blood cultures on patient management: a controlled clinical trial. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017;23(2):78–85.
36 von Rotz M, Dierig A, Heininger U, Chrobak C, Baettig V, Egli A. Case report: when two and (1/2) men go camping. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):102.
37 Leclercq R, Canton R, Brown DF, et al. EUCAST expert rules in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2013;19(2):141–60.
38 Remschmidt C, Schroder C, Behnke M, Gastmeier P, Geffers C, Kramer TS. Continuous increase of vancomycin resistance in enterococci causing nosocomial infections in Germany – 10 years of surveillance. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018;7:54.
39 Wassilew N, Seth-Smith HM, Rolli E, et al. Outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium clone ST796, Switzerland, December 2017 to April 2018. Euro Surveill. 2018;23(29).
40 Bronzwaer S, Buchholz U, Courvalin P, et al. Comparability of antimicrobial susceptibility test results from 22 European countries and Israel: an external quality assurance exercise of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS) in collaboration with the United Kingdom National External Quality Assurance Scheme (UK NEQAS). The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2002;50(6):953–64.
41 Brown D, Canton R, Dubreuil L, et al. Widespread implementation of EUCAST breakpoints for antibacterial susceptibility testing in Europe. Euro surveillance: bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin. 2015;20(2).
42 Matuschek E, Brown DF, Kahlmeter G. Development of the EUCAST disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing method and its implementation in routine microbiology laboratories. Clinical microbiology and infection: the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(4):O255–66.
43 Kahlmeter G. Wide variation in activity of antibiotic discs from nine manufacturers. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2016;22(3):211–2.
44 Bengtsson S, Bjelkenbrant C, Kahlmeter G. Validation of EUCAST zone diameter breakpoints against reference broth microdilution. Clinical microbiology and infection: the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2014;20(6):O353–60.
45 Mouton JW, Brown DF, Apfalter P, et al. The role of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in setting clinical MIC breakpoints: the EUCAST approach. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(3):E37–45.
46 Hong J, Krop LC, Johns T, Pai MP. Individualized vancomycin dosing in obese patients: a two-sample measurement approach improves target attainment. Pharmacotherapy. 2015;35(5):455–63.
47 Giske CG, Gezelius L, Samuelsen O, Warner M, Sundsfjord A, Woodford N. A sensitive and specific phenotypic assay for detection of metallo-beta-lactamases and KPC in Klebsiella pneumoniae with the use of meropenem disks supplemented with aminophenylboronic acid, dipicolinic acid and cloxacillin. Clinical microbiology and infection: the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2011;17(4):552–6.
48 Hinic V, Amrein I, Stammler S, et al. Comparison of two rapid biochemical tests and four chromogenic selective media for detection of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria. J Microbiol Methods. 2017;135:66–8.
49 Dortet L, Poirel L, Nordmann P. Rapid detection of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae from urine samples by use of the ESBL NDP test. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2014;52(10):3701–6.
50 Hrabak J, Studentova V, Walkova R, et al. Detection of NDM-1, VIM-1, KPC, OXA-48, and OXA-162 carbapenemases by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2012;50(7):2441–3.
51 Hinic V, Ziegler J, Straub C, Goldenberger D, Frei R. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) detection directly from urine samples with the rapid isothermal amplification-based eazyplex(R) SuperBug CRE assay: Proof of concept. Journal of microbiological methods. 2015;119:203–5.
52 Thierfelder C, Keller PM, Kocher C, et al. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. Swiss medical weekly. 2012;142:w13540.
53 Basset P, Prod’hom G, Senn L, Greub G, Blanc DS. Very low prevalence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the mecC gene in western Switzerland. The Journal of hospital infection. 2013;83(3):257–9.
54 Marlowe EM, Novak-Weekley SM, Cumpio J, et al. Evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert MTB/RIF assay for direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in respiratory specimens. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2011;49(4):1621–3.
55 Meinel D, Egli A. Next Generation Sequencing. Swiss Medical Forum. 2017;17(0102):16–8.
56 Zankari E. Comparison of the web tools ARG-ANNOT and ResFinder for detection of resistance genes in bacteria. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2014;58(8):4986.
57 Jia B, Raphenya AR, Alcock B, et al. CARD 2017: expansion and model-centric curation of the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database. Nucleic acids research. 2017;45(D1):D566–D73.
58 Meinel D, Seth-Smith H, Egli A. Whole Genome Sequencing. Swiss Medical Forum. 2017;17(1516):348–55.