– Shirtliff ME, Mader JT. Acute septic arthritis. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2002;15(4):527–44.
– Mathews CJ, Weston VC, Jones A, Field M, Coakley G. Bacterial septic arthritis in adults. Lancet. 2010;375(9717):846–55.
– Margaretten ME, Kohlwes J, Moore D, Bent S. Does this adult patient have septic arthritis? JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2007;297(13):1478–88.
1 Stanek G, Fingerle V, Hunfeld KP, Jaulhac B, Kaiser R, Krause A, et al. Lyme borreliosis: clinical case definitions for diagnosis and management in Europe. Clinical microbiology and infection: the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2011;17(1):69–79.
2 Sendi P, et al. Die virale Arthritis. Swiss Med Forum. 2017; in Arbeit.
3 Hannu T, Inman R, Granfors K, Leirisalo-Repo M. Reactive arthritis or post-infectious arthritis? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2006;20(3):419–33.
4 Geirsson AJ, Statkevicius S, Vikingsson A. Septic arthritis in Iceland 1990-2002: increasing incidence due to iatrogenic infections. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(5):638–43.
5 Rutherford AI, Subesinghe S, Bharucha T, Ibrahim F, Kleymann A, Galloway JB. A population study of the reported incidence of native joint septic arthritis in the United Kingdom between 1998 and 2013. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016;55(12):2176–80.
6 Kennedy N, Chambers ST, Nolan I, Gallagher K, Werno A, Browne M, et al. Native Joint Septic Arthritis: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Microbiological Causes in a New Zealand Population. J Rheumatol. 2015;42(12):2392–7.
7 Kaandorp CJ, Van Schaardenburg D, Krijnen P, Habbema JD, van de Laar MA. Risk factors for septic arthritis in patients with joint disease. A prospective study. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38(12):1819–25.
8 Margaretten ME, Kohlwes J, Moore D, Bent S. Does this adult patient have septic arthritis? JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association. 2007;297(13):1478–88.
9 Edwards CJ, Cooper C, Fisher D, Field M, van Staa TP, Arden NK. The importance of the disease process and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug treatment in the development of septic arthritis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57(7):1151–7.
10 Kourbeti IS, Ziakas PD, Mylonakis E. Biologic therapies in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of opportunistic infections: a meta-analysis. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2014;58(12):1649–57.
11 Salliot C, Gossec L, Ruyssen-Witrand A, Luc M, Duclos M, Guignard S, et al. Infections during tumour necrosis factor-alpha blocker therapy for rheumatic diseases in daily practice: a systematic retrospective study of 709 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46(2):327–34.
12 Pal B, Morris J. Perceived risks of joint infection following intra-articular corticosteroid injections: a survey of rheumatologists. Clin Rheumatol. 1999;18(3):264–5.
13 Rheumatologie SGf. [homepage on the Internet]. Behandlungsempfehlungen. Injektionen in der Rheumatologie. [cited 2016 Dec 26]. Available from: http://www.rheuma-net.ch/download/Content_filebase/AttachmentDocument/injektionen0904.pdf
14 Bedard NA, Pugely AJ, Elkins JM, Duchman KR, Westermann RW, Liu SS, et al. The John N. Insall Award: Do Intraarticular Injections Increase the Risk of Infection After TKA? Clinical orthopaedics and related research. 2017;475(1):45–52.
15 Werner BC, Cancienne JM, Burrus MT, Griffin JW, Gwathmey FW, Brockmeier SF. The timing of elective shoulder surgery after shoulder injection affects postoperative infection risk in Medicare patients. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016;25(3):390–7.
16 Dastgheyb S, Parvizi J, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ, Otto M. Effect of biofilms on recalcitrance of staphylococcal joint infection to antibiotic treatment. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2015;211(4):641–50.
17 Shirtliff ME, Mader JT. Acute septic arthritis. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2002;15(4):527–44.
18 Mathews CJ, Weston VC, Jones A, Field M, Coakley G. Bacterial septic arthritis in adults. Lancet. 2010;375(9717):846–55.
19 Gächter A. Der Gelenkinfekt. Inform Arzt. 1985;6:5–43.
20 Stutz G, Kuster MS, Kleinstuck F, Gachter A. Arthroscopic management of septic arthritis: stages of infection and results. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2000;8(5):270–4.
21 Stutz G, Gachter A. [Diagnosis and stage-related therapy of joint infections]. Unfallchirurg. 2001;104(8):682–6.
22 Zimmerli W, Borens O. Die infektiöse Arthritis. In: Infektionen des Bewegungsapparates. edn. Edited by Ochsner PE: Heraeus Medical GmbH, Wehrheim, Germany; 2013:133–40.
23 Dubost JJ, Couderc M, Tatar Z, Tournadre A, Lopez J, Mathieu S, et al. Three-decade trends in the distribution of organisms causing septic arthritis in native joints: single-center study of 374 cases. Joint Bone Spine. 2014;81(5):438–40.
24 Clerc O, Prod’hom G, Greub G, Zanetti G, Senn L. Adult native septic arthritis: a review of 10 years of experience and lessons for empirical antibiotic therapy. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2011;66(5):1168–73.
25 Nolla JM, Lora-Tamayo J, Gomez Vaquero C, Narvaez J, Murillo O, Pedrero S et al. Pyogenic arthritis of native joints in non-intravenous drug users: A detailed analysis of 268 cases attended in a tertiary hospital over a 22-year period. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2015;45(1):94–102.
26 de Jonge R, Brouwer R, Smit M, de Frankrijker-Merkestijn M, Dolhain RJ, Hazes JM, et al. Automated counting of white blood cells in synovial fluid. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2004;43(2):170–3.
27 Carpenter CR, Schuur JD, Everett WW, Pines JM. Evidence-based diagnostics: adult septic arthritis. Acad Emerg Med. 2011;18(8):781–96.
28 Cunningham G, Seghrouchni K, Ruffieux E, Vaudaux P, Gayet-Ageron A, Cherkaoui A et al. Gram and acridine orange staining for diagnosis of septic arthritis in different patient populations. Int Orthop. 2014;38(6):1283–90.
29 Aim F, Delambre J, Bauer T, Hardy P. Efficacy of arthroscopic treatment for resolving infection in septic arthritis of native joints. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2015;101(1):61–4.
30 Holland TL, Arnold C, Fowler VG, Jr. Clinical management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a review. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2014;312(13):1330–41.
31 Yanmis I, Ozkan H, Koca K, Kilincoglu V, Bek D, Tunay S. The relation between the arthroscopic findings and functional outcomes in patients with septic arthritis of the knee joint, treated with arthroscopic debridement and irrigation. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2011;45(2):94–9.
32 Cabellos C, Nolla JM, Verdaguer R, Pelegrin I, Ribera A, Ariza J, et al. Arthritis related to systemic meningococcal disease: 34 years’ experience. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012; 31(10):2661–2666.
33 Maneiro JR, Souto A, Cervantes EC, Mera A, Carmona L, Gomez-Reino JJ. Predictors of treatment failure and mortality in native septic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2015; 34(11):1961–1967.
34 Hunter JG, Gross JM, Dahl JD, Amsdell SL, Gorczyca JT. Risk factors for failure of a single surgical debridement in adults with acute septic arthritis. The Journal of bone and joint surgery American volume. 2015; 97(7):558–564.
35 Bamberger DM, Foxworth JW, Bridwell DL, Shain CS, Gerding DN: Extravascular Antimicrobial Distribution and the Respective Blood and Urine Concentrations in Humans. In: Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine. 5th edn. Edited by Lorian V. Philadelphia, PA, United States.: Lippincott Williams & Wilklins; 2005: 719–814.
36 Stengel D, Bauwens K, Sehouli J, Ekkernkamp A, Porzsolt F. Systematic review and meta-analysis of antibiotic therapy for bone and joint infections. The Lancet infectious diseases. 2001; 1(3):175–188.
37 Uckay I, Tovmirzaeva L, Garbino J, Rohner P, Tahintzi P, Suva D et al. Short parenteral antibiotic treatment for adult septic arthritis after successful drainage. International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. 2013; 17(3):e199–205.
38 Peltola H, Paakkonen M, Kallio P, Kallio MJ, Osteomyelitis-Septic Arthritis Study G. Prospective, randomized trial of 10 days versus 30 days of antimicrobial treatment, including a short-term course of parenteral therapy, for childhood septic arthritis. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2009; 48(9):1201–1210.
39 Abdel MP, Perry KI, Morrey ME, Steinmann SP, Sperling JW, Cass JR. Arthroscopic management of native shoulder septic arthritis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013; 22(3):418–421.
40 Balabaud L, Gaudias J, Boeri C, Jenny JY, Kehr P. Results of treatment of septic knee arthritis: a retrospective series of 40 cases. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2007; 15(4):387–392.
41 Dave OH, Patel KA, Andersen CR, Carmichael KD. Surgical Procedures Needed to Eradicate Infection in Knee Septic Arthritis. Orthopedics. 2016; 39(1):50–54.
42 Matthews PC, Dean BJ, Medagoda K, Gundle R, Atkins BL, Berendt AR et al. Native hip joint septic arthritis in 20 adults: delayed presentation beyond three weeks predicts need for excision arthroplasty. The Journal of infection. 2008; 57(3):185–190.