1 Vanacker P, Lambrou D, Eskandari A, Mosimann PJ, Maghraoui A, Michel P. Eligibility and Predictors for Acute Revascularization Procedures in a Stroke Center. Stroke. 2016;47:1844–9.
2 Michel P, Engelter S, Arnold M, et al. Thrombolyse beim ischämischen Hirnschlag: Aktualisierte Leitlinien. Swiss Med Forum. 2009;9(49):892–4.
3 Bonati LB, R. Bonvin, Ch. Cereda, C. Kägi, G. Luft, A. Michel, P. Stajzel, R. Nedeltchev, K. Arnold, M. Das Schweizerische Hirnschlagregister (Swiss Stroke Registry) - ein Werkzeug für die Qualitätssicherung und Forschung. Swiss Med Forum 2016;16:168–9.
4 Sacks D, Baxter B, Campbell BCV, et al. Multisociety Consensus Quality Improvement Revised Consensus Statement for Endovascular Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Int J Stroke. 2018;13:612–32.
5 Emberson J, Lees KR, Lyden P, et al. Effect of treatment delay, age, and stroke severity on the effects of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2014;384:1929–35.
6 Sandercock P, Wardlaw JM, Lindley RI, et al. The benefits and harms of intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 6 h of acute ischaemic stroke (The Third International Stroke Trial [IST-3]): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012;379:2352–63.
7 Goyal M, Menon BK, van Zwam WH, et al. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet. 2016;387:1723–31.
8 Lapergue B, Blanc R, Gory B, et al. Effect of Endovascular Contact Aspiration vs Stent Retriever on Revascularization in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Large Vessel Occlusion: The ASTER Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association. 2017;318:443–52.
9 Mocco JS, A; Turk, A. A Comparison of Direct Aspiration vs. Stent Retriever as a First Approach («COMPASS»): A Randomized Trial. Abstract, International Stroke Conference 2018, Los Angeles2018.
10 Saver JL, Goyal M, van der Lugt A, et al. Time to Treatment With Endovascular Thrombectomy and Outcomes From Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-analysis. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association. 2016;316:1279–88.
11 Nogueira RG, Jadhav AP, Haussen DC, et al. Thrombectomy 6 to 24 Hours after Stroke with a Mismatch between Deficit and Infarct (DAWN). N Engl J Med. 2018;378:11–21.
12 Albers GW, Marks MP, Kemp S, et al. Thrombectomy for Stroke at 6 to 16 Hours with Selection by Perfusion Imaging (DEFUSE-3). N Engl J Med. 2018;378:708–18.
13 Ringleb P, Bendszus M, Bluhmki E, et al. Extending the time window for intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke using magnetic resonance imaging-based patient selection. Int J Stroke. 2019;14:483–90.
14 Ma H, Campbell BCV, Parsons MW, et al. Thrombolysis Guided by Perfusion Imaging up to 9 Hours after Onset of Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1795–803.
15 Campbell BCV, Ma H, Ringleb PA, et al. Extending thrombolysis to 4.5-9 h and wake-up stroke using perfusion imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet. 2019;394:139–47.
16 Thomalla G, Simonsen CZ, Boutitie F, et al. MRI-Guided Thrombolysis for Stroke with Unknown Time of Onset (WAKE-UP). N Engl J Med. 2018;379:611–22.
17 Anderson CS, Robinson T, Lindley RI, et al. Low-Dose versus Standard-Dose Intravenous Alteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:2313–23.
18 Khatri P, Kleindorfer DO, Devlin T, et al. Effect of Alteplase vs Aspirin on Functional Outcome for Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Minor Nondisabling Neurologic Deficits: The PRISMS Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2018;320:156–66.
19 Schellinger PD, Alexandrov AV, Barreto AD, et al. Combined lysis of thrombus with ultrasound and systemic tissue plasminogen activator for emergent revascularization in acute ischemic stroke (CLOTBUST-ER): design and methodology of a multinational phase 3 trial. Int J Stroke. 2015;10:1141–8.
20 Campbell BC, Mitchell PJ, Churilov L, et al. Tenecteplase versus alteplase before endovascular thrombectomy (EXTEND-IA TNK): A multicenter, randomized, controlled study. Int J Stroke. 2018;13:328–34.
21 Campbell BCV, Mitchell PJ, Churilov L, et al. Effect of Intravenous Tenecteplase Dose on Cerebral Reperfusion Before Thrombectomy in Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke: The EXTEND-IA TNK Part 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020;323(13):1257–65.
22 Liu X, Dai Q, Ye R, et al. Endovascular treatment versus standard medical treatment for vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (BEST): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19:115–22.
23 Schonewille W. The basilar artery international collaboration study (BASICS): A randomized controlled trial of endovascular therapy in basilar artery occlusion. ESO-WSO 2020 Virtual Conference 2020 (oral presentation).
24 Yang P, Zhang Y, Zhang L, et al. Endovascular Thrombectomy with or without Intravenous Alteplase in Acute Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1981–93.
25 Zi W, Qiu Z, Li F, et al. Effect of Endovascular Treatment Alone vs Intravenous Alteplase Plus Endovascular Treatment on Functional Independence in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: The DEVT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021;325:234–43.
26 Suzuki K, Matsumaru Y, Takeuchi M, et al. Effect of Mechanical Thrombectomy Without vs With Intravenous Thrombolysis on Functional Outcome Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: The SKIP Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021;325:244–53.
27 Schonenberger S, Uhlmann L, Hacke W, et al. Effect of Conscious Sedation vs General Anesthesia on Early Neurological Improvement Among Patients With Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Endovascular Thrombectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association. 2016;316:1986–96.
28 Lowhagen Henden P, Rentzos A, Karlsson JE, et al. General Anesthesia Versus Conscious Sedation for Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: The AnStroke Trial (Anesthesia During Stroke). Stroke. 2017;48:1601–7.
29 Simonsen CZ, Yoo AJ, Sorensen LH, et al. Effect of General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation During Endovascular Therapy on Infarct Growth and Clinical Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurology. 2018;75:470–7.
30 Schonenberger S, Henden PL, Simonsen CZ, et al. Association of General Anesthesia vs Procedural Sedation With Functional Outcome Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Thrombectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association. 2019;322:1283–93.
31 Powers WJ, Derdeyn CP, Biller J, et al. 2015 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Focused Update of the 2013 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Regarding Endovascular Treatment: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2015;46:3020–35.
32 Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2018;49:e46–e110.
33 Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019;50:e344–e418.
34 Turc G, Bhogal P, Fischer U, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) - European Society for Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) Guidelines on Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischaemic StrokeEndorsed by Stroke Alliance for Europe (SAFE). Eur Stroke J. 2019;4:6–12.
35 Berge EW, W; Audebert, H; De Marchis, GM; Fonseca, AC; Padiglioni, C; Perez de la Ossa, N; Strbian, D; Tsivgoulis, G; Turc, G; . European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. Eur J Stroke. 2021 (online first).
36 Michel P, P; Martins, S; Pandian, JD; Caso, V; Kim, JS; Bryer, A; Anderson, C; Feigin, V; Sandercock, P; Langhorne, P; Schwamm, LH; Brainin, M. Alteplase (recombinant tissue Plasminogen Activator, rt-PA) for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Application for inclusion of a new individual medicine in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.
https://www.who.int/selection_medicines/committees/expert/22/applications/s12.5.2_alteplase.pdf?ua=1.
38 Mathiesen EB, Berge, E. Tenecteplase in Wake-up Ischaemic Stroke Trial (TWIST).
https://clinicaltrialsgov.
39 Parsons M, Spratt N, Bivard A, et al. A randomized trial of tenecteplase versus alteplase for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1099–107.
40 Huang X, MacIsaac R, Thompson JL, et al. Tenecteplase versus alteplase in stroke thrombolysis: An individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Stroke. 2016;11:534–43.
41 Huang X, Cheripelli BK, Lloyd SM, et al. Alteplase versus tenecteplase for thrombolysis after ischaemic stroke (ATTEST): a phase 2, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint study. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14:368–76.
42 Lansberg MG, Schrooten M, Bluhmki E, Thijs VN, Saver JL. Treatment time-specific number needed to treat estimates for tissue plasminogen activator therapy in acute stroke based on shifts over the entire range of the modified Rankin Scale. Stroke. 2009;40:2079–84.
43 Wahlgren N, Ahmed N, Davalos A, et al. Thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke in the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST): an observational study. Lancet. 2007;369:275–82.
44 Myslimi F, Caparros F, Dequatre-Ponchelle N, et al. Orolingual Angioedema During or After Thrombolysis for Cerebral Ischemia. Stroke. 2016;47:1825–30.
45 Schweizerische Hirnschlaggesellschaft. Stroke Units und Stroke Centers in der Schweiz: Richtlinien und Anforderungsprofil. Swiss Med Forum 2012;12:918–22.
46 Fachorgan und Beschlussorgan der Interkantonalen Vereinbarung über die hochspezialisierte Medizin. Reevaluation «Komplexe Behandlung von Hirnschlägen». Erläuternder Bericht für die Leistungszuteilung Schlussbericht.
https://www.gdk-cds.ch/fileadmin/docs/public/gdk/themen/hsm/HSM-Bereiche/BT_Stroke_Re1_Zuteil_SchlussBT_Pub_20180206_def_d.pdf18.01.2018:1 - 38.
47 Pierot L, Jayaraman MV, Szikora I, et al. Standards of practice in acute ischemic stroke intervention: international recommendations. Journal of neurointerventional surgery. 2018;10:1121–6.
48 NINDS rt-PA Stroke Study Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. New Engl J Med. 1995;333:1581–7.
49 Hacke W, Bluhmki E, Steiner T, et al. Dichotomized efficacy end points and global end-point analysis applied to the ECASS intention-to-treat data set: post hoc analysis of ECASS I. Stroke. 1998;29:2073–5.
50 Hacke W, Kaste M, Bluhmki E, et al. Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke (ECASS-3). The New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;359:1317–29.
51 Kägi G, Schurter D, Niederhäuser J, De Marchis GM, Engelter S, Arni P, et al. Prähospitalphase beim akuten Hirnschlag: Schweizer Leitlinien. Swiss Med Forum. 2021;21(19–20):322–8.
52 Gensicke H, Strbian D, Zinkstok SM, et al. Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients Dependent on the Daily Help of Others Before Stroke. Stroke. 2016;47:450–6.
53 Bigi S, Dulcey A, Gralla J, et al. Feasibility, safety, and outcome of recanalization treatment in childhood stroke. Ann Neurol. 2018;83:1125–32.
54 European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR).
www.esur.org/esur-guidelines/.
55 Bernhardt J, Churilov L, Ellery F, et al. Prespecified dose-response analysis for A Very Early Rehabilitation Trial (AVERT). Neurology. 2016;86:2138–45.
56 Dennis M CV, Kappelle LJ, Pavlovic A, Sandercock P, for the European Stroke Organisation. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines for prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in immobile patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Eur Stroke J. 2016;1:6–19.
57 Michel P, Arnold M, Hungerbuhler HJ, et al. Decompressive craniectomy for space occupying hemispheric and cerebellar ischemic strokes: Swiss recommendations. Int J Stroke. 2009;4:218–23.
58 Juttler E, Unterberg A, Woitzik J, et al. Hemicraniectomy in older patients with extensive middle-cerebral-artery stroke. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1091–100.
59 Ma H. EXtending the time for Thrombolysis in Emergency Neurological Deficits (EXTEND). Oral presentation/abstract; World Stroke Congress (Montreal) 2018.
60 Ringleb P. European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study-4: Extending the time for thrombolysis in emergency neurological deficits ECASS-4: ExTEND. Oral presentation/abstract; European Stroke Organisation Conference (Gothenburg) 2018.