1 Guth S, Theune U, Aberle J, Galach A, Bamberger CM. Very high prevalence of thyroid nodules detected by high frequency (13 MHz) ultrasound examination. Eur J Clin Invest. 2009;39(8):699–706.
2 Reiners C, Wegscheider K, Schicha H, Theissen P, Vaupel R, Wrbitzky R, et al. Prevalence of thyroid disorders in the working population of Germany: ultrasonography screening in 96,278 unselected employees. Thyroid. 2004;14(11):926–32.
3 Durante C, Grani G, Lamartina L, Filetti S, Mandel SJ, Cooper DS. The Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Nodules: A Review. JAMA. 2018;319(9):914–24.
4 Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, Doherty GM, Mandel SJ, Nikiforov YE, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2016;26(1):1–133.
5 Youserm DM, Huang T, Loevner LA, Langlotz CP. Clinical and economic impact of incidental thyroid lesions found with CT and MR. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1997;18(8):1423–8.
6 Mazzaferri EL. Management of a solitary thyroid nodule. N Engl J Med. 1993;328(8):553–9.
7 Tan GH, Gharib H. Thyroid incidentalomas: management approaches to nonpalpable nodules discovered incidentally on thyroid imaging. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126(3):226–31.
8 Werk EE Jr, Vernon BM, Gonzalez JJ, Ungaro PC, McCoy RC. Cancer in thyroid nodules. A community hospital survey. Arch Intern Med. 1984;144(3):474–6.
9 Kwong N, Medici M, Angell TE, Liu X, Marqusee E, Cibas ES, et al. The Influence of Patient Age on Thyroid Nodule Formation, Multinodularity, and Thyroid Cancer Risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(12):4434–40.
10 Papini E, Monpeyssen H, Frasoldati A, Hegedüs L. 2020 European Thyroid Association Clinical Practice Guideline for the Use of Image-Guided Ablation in Benign Thyroid Nodules. Eur Thyroid J. 2020;9(4):172–85.
11 Toledo SP, Lourenço DM Jr, Santos MA, Tavares MR, Toledo RA, Correia-Deur JE. Hypercalcitoninemia is not pathognomonic of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Clinics (São Paulo). 2009;64(7):699–706.
12 Scheuba C, Kaserer K, Moritz A, Drosten R, Vierhapper H, Bieglmayer C, et al. Sporadic hypercalcitoninemia: clinical and therapeutic consequences. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2009;16(1):243–53.
13 Russ G, Bonnema SJ, Erdogan MF, Durante C, Ngu R, Leenhardt L. European Thyroid Association Guidelines for Ultrasound Malignancy Risk Stratification of Thyroid Nodules in Adults: the EU-TIRADS. Eur Thyroid J. 2017;6(5):225–37.
14 Erdoğan MF, Anil C, Cesur M, Başkal N, Erdoğan G. Color flow Doppler sonography for the etiologic diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. Thyroid. 2007;17(3):223–8.
15 Dirikoc A, Polat SB, Kandemir Z, Aydin C, Ozdemir D, Dellal FD, et al. Comparison of ultrasonography features and malignancy rate of toxic and nontoxic autonomous nodules: a preliminary study. Ann Nucl Med. 2015;29(10):883–9.
16 Treglia G, Trimboli P, Verburg FA, Luster M, Giovanella L. Prevalence of normal TSH value among patients with autonomously functioning thyroid nodule. Eur J Clin Invest. 2015;45(7):739–44.
17 Chami R, Moreno-Reyes R, Corvilain B. TSH measurement is not an appropriate screening test for autonomous functioning thyroid nodules: a retrospective study of 368 patients. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014;170(4):593–9.
18 Moreno-Reyes R, Kyrilli A, Lytrivi M, Bourmorck C, Chami R, Corvilain B. Is there still a role for thyroid scintigraphy in the workup of a thyroid nodule in the era of fine needle aspiration cytology and molecular testing? F1000 Res. 2016;5:5.
19 Kim JH, Baek JH, Lim HK, Ahn HS, Baek SM, Choi YJ, et al. 2017 Thyroid Radiofrequency Ablation Guideline: Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology. Korean J Radiol 2018;19(4):632–55.
20 Dobnig H, Zechmann W, Hermann M, Lehner M, Heute D, Mirzaei S, et al. Radiofrequency ablation of thyroid nodules: “Good Clinical Practice Recommendations” for Austria : An interdisciplinary statement from the following professional associations: Austrian Thyroid Association (ÖSDG), Austrian Society for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (OGNMB), Austrian Society for Endocrinology and Metabolism (ÖGES), Surgical Endocrinology Working Group (ACE) of the Austrian Surgical Society (OEGCH). Wien Med Wochenschr. 2020;170(1-2):6–14.
21 Pinchot SN, Al-Wagih H, Schaefer S, Sippel R, Chen H. Accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy for predicting neoplasm or carcinoma in thyroid nodules 4 cm or larger. Arch Surg. 2009;144(7):649–55.
22 Cibas ES, Ali SZ. The 2017 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. Thyroid 2017;27(11):1341–6.
23 Collins J, Rossi ED, Chandra A, Ali SZ. Terminology and nomenclature schemes for reporting thyroid cytopathology: an overview. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2015;32(4):258–63.
24 Durante C, Costante G, Lucisano G, Bruno R, Meringolo D, Paciaroni A, et al. The natural history of benign thyroid nodules. JAMA 2015;313(9):926–35.
25 Maneck M, Dotzenrath C, Dralle H, Fahlenbrach C, Steinmüller T, Simon D, et al. Case volume and complications after thyroid gland surgery in Germany: an analysis of routine data from 48,387 AOK patients. Chirurg. 2021;92(1):40–8.
26 Maneck M, Dotzenrath C, Dralle H, Fahlenbrach C, Paschke R, Steinmüller T, et al. Complications after thyroid gland operations in Germany: A routine data analysis of 66,902 AOK patients. Chirurg. 2017;88(1):50–7.
27 Patel KN, Yip L, Lubitz CC, Grubbs EG, Miller BS, Shen W, et al. The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for the Definitive Surgical Management of Thyroid Disease in Adults. Ann Surg 2020;271(3):e21–e93.
28 eurocrine.eu [Internet]. Wien: Eurocrine [cited 2022 Jun 15]. Available from:
https://eurocrine.eu/.
29 Gimm O, Brauckhoff M, Thanh PN, Sekulla C, Dralle H. An update on thyroid surgery. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2002;29(S2 Suppl 2):S447–52.
30 Elmas F, Lauber F, Linder T, Müller W. Hypothyreosis after Hemithyroidectomy - surprisingly frequent complication in aftercare. Laryngorhinootologie. 2018;97(1):24–9.
31 Ahn D, Lee GJ, Sohn JH. Levothyroxine Supplementation Following Hemithyroidectomy: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Characteristics. Ann Surg Oncol. 2019;26(13):4405–13.
32 Muhammad H, Santhanam P, Russell JO. Radiofrequency ablation and thyroid nodules: updated systematic review. Endocrine. 2021;72(3):619–32.
33 Deandrea M, Trimboli P, Garino F, Mormile A, Magliona G, Ramunni MJ, et al. Long-Term Efficacy of a Single Session of RFA for Benign Thyroid Nodules: A Longitudinal 5-Year Observational Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104(9):3751–6.
34 Lee GM, You JY, Kim HY, Chai YJ, Kim HK, Dionigi G, et al. Successful radiofrequency ablation strategies for benign thyroid nodules. Endocrine. 2019;64(2):316–21.
35 Chung SR, Suh CH, Baek JH, Park HS, Choi YJ, Lee JH. Safety of radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules and recurrent thyroid cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Hyperthermia. 2017;33(8):920–30.
36 Cesareo R, Palermo A, Benvenuto D, Cella E, Pasqualini V, Bernardi S, et al. Efficacy of radiofrequency ablation in autonomous functioning thyroid nodules. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2019;20(1):37–44.
37 Mariani G, Tonacchera M, Grosso M, Orsolini F, Vitti P, Strauss HW. The Role of Nuclear Medicine in the Clinical Management of Benign Thyroid Disorders, Part 1: Hyperthyroidism. J Nucl Med. 2021;62(3):304–12.
38 Mariani G, Tonacchera M, Grosso M, Fiore E, Falcetta P, Montanelli L, et al. The Role of Nuclear Medicine in the Clinical Management of Benign Thyroid Disorders, Part 2: Nodular Goiter, Hypothyroidism, and Subacute Thyroiditis. J Nucl Med. 2021;62(7):886–95.